What is vertical farming

What is vertical farming? And why it is a big deal

In the face of growing urbanization and the increasing need for sustainable food production, the question “What is vertical farming?” has become more pertinent. Let us tell you all about it, why it’s a big deal, and how it can change our future food production for the better. 

Vertical farming is not just a buzzword; it’s a revolutionary approach to agriculture that could reshape our cities and environmentally detrimental lifestyles. This article will explain vertical farming, describe how it can transform our food production systems, and further your understanding of its significance in today’s world.

Related article: How to reverse climate change? (with vertical farming)

Contents:

  1. Definition of vertical farming
  2. Brief history and evolution of vertical farming
  3. Understanding the concept of vertical farming
  4. Types of vertical farming
  5. The technology that makes vertical farming what it is
  6. The benefits of vertical farming 
  7. Challenges and solutions in vertical farming
  8. The impact of vertical farming on traditional agriculture
  9. Future trends and predictions for vertical farming
  10. Takeaway: What is vertical farming, and why should you care? 
  11. FAQs about vertical farming basics

Definition of vertical farming

So, what is vertical farming? Vertical farming is an agricultural method that cultivates crops in vertically stacked layers. It typically occurs in controlled indoor environments, such as buildings, shipping containers, or skyscrapers. 

This method applied in vertical farming is often referred to as controlled-environment agriculture (CEA) and usually employs artificial lighting, computerized control systems, and hydroponic or aeroponic systems. Vertical farming aims to maximize crop output in a limited space, making it a viable solution for urban and sustainable agriculture.

Brief history and evolution of vertical farming

The concept may seem futuristic, but the term “vertical farming” was coined in 1915 by American geologist Gilbert Ellis Bailey. However, the modern idea of vertical farming, as we understand it today, was popularized by Dr. Dickson Despommier, a professor of environmental health sciences at Columbia University, in 1999. 

Despommier’s vision of multi-story indoor farming sparked interest and research into the feasibility and benefits of vertical farming. Since then, advancements in technology, particularly in hydroponics and LED lighting, have made vertical farming a reality. Today, vertical farms are sprouting up in cities worldwide, from Singapore to New York, providing fresh, locally-grown produce to urban populations.

Read more: The history of vertical farming

Understanding the concept of vertical farming

To understand vertical farming, you must examine its core building blocks, such as its structure, the science behind it, and the concept that drives its operation. It’s a complex system that combines biology, engineering, and technology to create a controlled environment that can produce food year-round, regardless of external weather conditions.

The concept of vertical farming is based on the idea of maximizing the use of vertical space to grow crops. Instead of spreading out horizontally, as in traditional farming, crops are grown in stacked layers. This allows for a much higher yield per square foot, making it an efficient solution for urban areas where space is at a premium.

The structure of a vertical farm

A vertical farm typically consists of several key components. The first is the vertical structure, ranging from multi-story buildings to repurposed shipping containers. Within this structure, crops are grown in stacked layers, often on shelves or racks.

The second component is the growing medium. Instead of soil, vertical farms often use hydroponic or aeroponic systems. We’ll explain more about this in a minute.

The third component is the lighting system. Because vertical farms are often indoors and lack natural sunlight, they rely on artificial lighting, usually LED, to provide the necessary light spectrum for photosynthesis.

The science behind vertical farming

The science behind vertical farming involves a combination of botany, engineering, and computer science. The goal is to create an optimal environment for plant growth. This involves controlling factors such as light, temperature, humidity, and nutrient levels, often through automated systems.

Light is particularly important. Plants use light for photosynthesis and as a signal for various physiological processes. By adjusting the intensity, duration, and light spectrum, vertical farmers can control plant growth, development, taste, and nutrition. 

Sounds exciting, doesn’t it? It is! This is why we at Vertical Farms Ltd are going all in to take part in this adventure, which we believe will change the world for the better. This is also why we have taken it upon ourselves to write the best articles we possibly can about everything concerning vertical farming. 

Check out our article library to find more content, or sign up for our newsletter to get notified when we publish new articles. And with that little bit of self-promotion out of the way, let’s get back to the question at hand. What is vertical framing? Coming up, the types of vertical farming, and then we’ll get back to the tailoring of taste and nutrient levels with LED grow lights.

GUIDE

A comprehensive guide to vertical farming

Master the art of vertical farming with our comprehensive guide. Explore the benefits, techniques, and success stories of vertical farming.

Types of vertical farming

In essence, there are three main types of vertical farming systems: Hydroponics, aeroponics, and aquaponics. These systems are primarily differentiated by how they deliver nutrients to the plants. Each system has its advantages and challenges, but all share the common goal of maximizing crop yield in a controlled indoor environment.

Hydroponics

Hydroponics involves growing plants in a nutrient-rich water solution instead of soil. The roots of the plants are submerged in the water, allowing them to absorb the necessary nutrients directly. This method of vertical farming is highly efficient as it allows for precise control over the nutrients the plants receive.

Hydroponic systems use significantly less water than traditional soil-based farming. This is because the water is recirculated in a hydroponic system, reducing the overall amount required. Hydroponics also eliminates the need for soil, which can be a source of pests and diseases.

Aeroponics

Aeroponics takes the soil-less concept a step further. In an aeroponic system, plants are grown in air or mist environments with no soil and very little water. The roots of the plants are exposed to air and are periodically misted with a nutrient-rich solution.

Aeroponics offers several advantages. Like hydroponics, it allows for precise control over nutrient delivery. It uses even less water than hydroponics, making it one of the most water-efficient farming methods available. Additionally, because the roots are exposed to air, the plants receive plenty of oxygen, which can promote faster growth.

Aquaponics

Aquaponics is a type of vertical farming that combines aquaculture (raising fish) with hydroponics. In an aquaponic system, the waste produced by the fish serves as a natural fertilizer for the plants. The plants, in turn, purify the water for the fish, creating a symbiotic environment.

Aquaponics is a highly sustainable method of vertical farming. It recycles water and waste, reduces the need for artificial fertilizers, and produces both plants and fish. However, aquaponic systems can be complex to manage, as they require maintaining the health and balance of both the plant and fish populations. 

Read more: Understanding hydroponics, aeroponics, and aquaponics

The technology that makes vertical farming what it is

To fully answer the question, “What is vertical farming?” we must explore the technology that makes it possible. Vertical farming leverages advancements in lighting technology, climate control, and nutrient delivery systems to create optimal growing conditions. 

Lighting technology in vertical farming

One key technology in vertical farming is lighting. Because vertical farms are often indoors, they rely on artificial lighting to provide the energy plants need for photosynthesis.

Role of LED lights

LED (light-emitting diode) grow lights play a crucial role in vertical farming. They are energy-efficient, long-lasting, and emit very little heat, making them ideal for use in close proximity to plants. Moreover, LEDs can be tailored to emit specific wavelengths of light, which can be optimized for plant growth.

Spectral tuning and its importance

Spectral tuning refers to adjusting the light spectrum produced by LEDs to match the plants’ specific needs. Different stages of plant growth may require different light spectra. For example, blue light is often used to promote leafy growth, while red light can encourage flowering and fruiting. By tuning the light spectrum, vertical farmers can optimize plant growth, improve crop quality, and even influence the taste and nutritional content of the produce.

Read more: LED grow lights for tastier food and a healthier planet

Climate control (HVAC) in vertical farms

Another critical technology in vertical farming is climate control, or HVAC (heating, ventilation, and air conditioning). This involves managing the farm’s temperature, humidity, and air circulation to create the ideal growing conditions for the crops.

Importance of temperature and humidity control

Temperature and humidity control are crucial in vertical farming. Different crops have different optimal temperature and humidity ranges for growth. By controlling these factors, vertical farmers can create the ideal environment for each crop, leading to healthier plants and higher yields. Moreover, maintaining the right temperature and humidity can help prevent the spread of pests and diseases.

Role of automation in climate control

Automation plays a significant role in HVAC in vertical farms. Sensors can continuously monitor temperature, humidity, and CO2 levels, and automated systems can adjust these factors as needed. This ensures optimal growing conditions and reduces the need for manual monitoring and adjustment, saving time and reducing the risk of human error.

Nutrient delivery systems

The third key technology in vertical farming is the nutrient delivery system. This involves delivering the right amount of nutrients to the plants at the right time, which is crucial for their growth and development.

Understanding nutrient film technique (NFT)

Nutrient Film Technique (NFT) is a hydroponic technique often used in vertical farming. In an NFT system, a thin film of nutrient-rich water is continuously circulated over the roots of the plants, providing them with the nutrients they need. This system is efficient and uses less water and nutrients than traditional farming methods. However, it requires careful monitoring to ensure the plants receive the right amount of nutrients.

The role of ebb and flow systems

Ebb and Flow systems, also known as flood and drain systems, are another type of nutrient delivery system used in vertical farming. In these systems, the growing area is periodically flooded with nutrient-rich water, which is then allowed to drain away. This not only provides the plants with nutrients but also ensures that they receive plenty of oxygen. Ebb and Flow systems are relatively simple and easily automated, making them a popular choice for vertical farming.

The benefits of vertical farming

As we continue to explore the different aspects of what vertical farming is, we need to discuss the benefits and challenges that come with this innovative farming method. Let’s start with the benefits, which range from environmental and social to economic benefits that promise to solve many of the challenges facing traditional agriculture today.

Environmental benefits

One of the key advantages of vertical farming is its potential to reduce the environmental impact of agriculture. Vertical farming systems, such as hydroponics, aeroponics, and aquaponics, use significantly less water than traditional farming methods. This is because these systems recirculate water, reducing overall usage. In a world where water scarcity is a growing concern, the water efficiency of vertical farming could be a game-changer.

Vertical farming also has the potential to lower the carbon footprint of food production. By growing food in urban areas, vertical farms reduce the need for long-distance transportation, thereby reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Additionally, because vertical farms are often powered by renewable energy and use energy-efficient LED lights, they can further reduce carbon emissions.

Social benefits

Beyond the environmental benefits, vertical farming also offers significant social benefits. It can contribute to food security in urban areas by providing fresh, locally-grown produce year-round. This improves access to healthy food and promotes a more resilient local food system. In the face of climate change and other threats to food security, the potential of vertical farming in urban agriculture cannot be overstated.

Vertical farming can also have a positive economic impact by creating jobs. From farm management to technology development and maintenance, indoor farming requires a range of skills and expertise. This can lead to the creation of new jobs and contribute to economic growth in urban areas.

Economic benefits

One of the key economic benefits of vertical farming is the ability to produce crops year-round. Because vertical farms are not dependent on weather or seasons, they can produce consistent yields throughout the year. This can lead to more stable income for farmers and more reliable access to fresh produce for consumers.

Additionally, vertical farming can significantly reduce transportation costs by growing food closer to where it is consumed. As such, the food becomes cheaper for consumers and reduces long-distance transportation’s financial and environmental costs.

Related article: Towards a sustainable future with vertical farming

Challenges and solutions in vertical farming

Moving on with our investigation, to really grasp what vertical farming is and how it can benefit our world, we need to acknowledge the challenges that stand between us and a better future. More importantly, we need to examine potential solutions that can help overcome said challenges.

High initial investment and running costs

One of the main challenges of vertical farming is the high initial investment required to set up a vertical farm. This includes the cost of the building or structure, the farming equipment, and the technology for lighting, climate control, and nutrient delivery. Additionally, the running costs of a vertical farm can be high, particularly the energy cost for lighting and climate control.

However, technological advancements are helping to reduce both the initial and running costs of vertical farming. For example, the cost of LED lighting, a significant component of vertical farming, has been decreasing over the years. Similarly, advancements in automation and control systems can reduce the need for manual labor, thereby reducing operating costs.

Moreover, as more businesses enter the vertical farming industry and the scale of production increases, equipment and technology costs are likely to decrease further, making vertical farming more affordable.

Energy consumption

Another challenge of vertical farming is its high energy consumption. Vertical farms rely on artificial lighting and climate control systems, which can consume a significant amount of energy.

On the bright side (pun intended), using renewable energy sources, such as solar or wind power, can help mitigate the energy consumption of vertical farms. Some vertical farms are already integrating renewable energy systems into their operations to reduce their reliance on fossil fuels and lower their carbon footprint. 

Additionally, ongoing improvements in energy-efficient lighting and climate control technologies can further reduce the energy consumption of vertical farms.

Limited crop variety

Currently, vertical farming is primarily used to grow leafy greens and herbs, which are well-suited to the conditions in vertical farms. However, the variety of crops that can be grown in vertical farms is still limited, particularly compared to traditional farming.

GUIDE

Choosing the right vertical farming crops: A detailed guide

Download our guide to explore key aspects, including crop selection basics, farming environment understanding, light, temperature, humidity, nutrients, and market demand.

Despite this limitation, research and development in vertical farming are ongoing, with scientists and farmers experimenting with growing a wider variety of crops, including fruits, vegetables, and even grains. As our understanding and technology continue to improve, the variety of crops that can be grown in vertical farms will likely increase.

Read more: Vertical farming challenges: Turning disadvantages to our advantage

The impact of vertical farming on traditional agriculture

Vertical farming has the potential to significantly alter traditional farming practices, with implications for small-scale farmers and global food security. Though many speak about its disruptive potential, in reality, indoor farming is more likely to become a supplement to traditional agriculture rather than take its place.

We’ll still need outdoor farming to sustain our global population, but adding vertical farming to the mix might mitigate, halt, or even reverse the worldwide ongoing trend of land exploitation. Moreover, indoor farming can be particularly beneficial in regions with harsh climates or limited arable land. It can reduce the pressure on land and water, potentially freeing up these resources for other uses.

Vertical farming has the potential to significantly impact global food security. By enabling year-round crop production in urban areas, vertical farming can increase access to fresh produce and reduce reliance on long-distance transportation. This can be particularly beneficial in developing countries, where rapid urbanization and climate change pose challenges to food security.

Future trends and predictions for vertical farming

Looking ahead, it’s clear that vertical farming is a growing industry that could play a significant role in the lives of future generations. In the future, vertical farming could become a common feature of our cities. As urban populations continue to grow, vertical farms could provide a local source of fresh produce, reducing the need for long-distance transportation and contributing to more sustainable and resilient urban food systems.

As such, vertical farming might influence urban planning and architecture. Vertical farms can be integrated into existing buildings or designed as standalone structures. They can also be incorporated into residential buildings, providing residents access to fresh produce and green spaces. This integration of agriculture into urban environments is a key aspect of the growing trend toward “green” or “eco” architecture.

Read more: Urban agriculture: How vertical farming systems made it viable

Technological innovations on the horizon

Technological innovation will continue to drive the development of vertical farming. From advancements in LED lighting and climate control systems to new nutrient delivery methods, technology will continue to make vertical farming more efficient, sustainable, and versatile. We can also expect to see more automation in vertical farming, with sensors and AI being used to monitor and optimize growing conditions.

Read more: Vertical farming technology: IoT, AI & robotics

Market growth and investment opportunities

The vertical farming market is set to grow significantly in the coming years. As more businesses and investors recognize the potential of vertical farming, we can expect to see increased investment in this sector. This will not only drive the development of new technologies and practices but also make vertical farming more accessible and affordable.

Are you interested in investing in a better future? Vertical Farms Ltd is always on the lookout for new and trustworthy associates. If you think vertical farming sounds like an exciting investment opportunity, we fully agree and encourage you to contact us for a chat with Pål, our founder and CEO.

Takeaway: What is vertical farming, and why you should care

The transformative potential of vertical farming goes beyond just food production. It’s about creating a more sustainable and resilient food system that uses less water, reduces the need for long-distance transportation, and provides fresh, locally-grown produce to urban populations. It’s about rethinking our relationship with food and agriculture and shaping a future where everyone can access healthy, sustainable food.

In conclusion, vertical farming is a big deal because it offers a sustainable solution to some of the most pressing challenges of our time: Food security, urbanization, and environmental sustainability. By understanding what vertical farming is and how it works, we can better appreciate its potential and the role it can play in shaping our future.

Read more: A complete guide to starting a vertical farm

GUIDE

From concept to harvest:
A complete guide to starting a vertical farm

Welcome to our comprehensive guide on starting a vertical farm. We will walk you through every step of the journey from understanding the concept to reaping your first harvest.

FAQs: What is vertical farming (bonus content)

What types of crops can be grown in vertical farms?

Currently, vertical farms primarily grow leafy greens and herbs, which are well-suited to the conditions in vertical farms. However, research and development are ongoing, and a wider variety of crops, including fruits, vegetables, and even grains, may be grown in vertical farms in the future.
Read more: Choosing the right vertical farming crops: A detailed guide

Can vertical farming replace traditional agriculture?

While vertical farming has many advantages, it’s unlikely to replace traditional agriculture completely. Certain crops, such as grains and root vegetables, are currently more efficiently grown on conventional outdoor farms. However, vertical farming can supplement traditional agriculture, particularly in urban areas and regions with harsh climates or limited arable land.

What are the startup and maintenance costs of a vertical farm?

The startup costs of a vertical farm can be high, as they include the cost of the building or structure, the farming equipment, and the technology for lighting, climate control, and nutrient delivery. The maintenance costs, particularly energy for lighting and climate control, can also be significant. However, technological advancements and increased production scale are expected to reduce these costs over time.

What are the energy requirements for a vertical farm?

Vertical farms require significant energy, primarily for artificial lighting and climate control. However, using energy-efficient LED lights and renewable energy sources can help mitigate these energy requirements. Additionally, ongoing improvements in energy-efficient technologies are expected to reduce vertical farm energy consumption further.

Resources

NatureEvolve: Vertical farming: Has sustainable farming reached new heights?
MDPI: State-of-the-Art Urban Smart Vertical Farming Automation System: Advanced Topologies, Issues, and Recommendations
Microsoft Features: Indoor vertical farming in Asia and Beyond: Digging deep in data
Nasa: NASA Research Launches a New Generation of Indoor Farming
U.S. Department of Agriculture: Vertical Farming for the Future
Vertical Farming Planet: The Full History of Vertical Farming: When Did It All Start?

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A comprehensive guide to vertical farming

A comprehensive guide to vertical farming

Master the art of vertical farming with our comprehensive guide. Explore the benefits, techniques, and success stories of vertical farming.

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